Thyroid Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and What You Need to Know

What Are Thyroid Disorders?

Thyroid disorders are health problems that affect the thyroid gland. This small, butterfly-shaped gland sits in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that help control your body’s energy, heart rate, and many other functions. Because the thyroid is so important, problems with it can affect your whole body. Understanding thyroid disorders can help you spot signs early and get the right care.

Common Causes of Thyroid Disorders

Many things can lead to thyroid disorders. Sometimes, the immune system attacks the thyroid by mistake. Other times, the thyroid may not work well due to different reasons. Below are some common causes:

Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like Hashimoto’s disease or Graves’ disease can cause the thyroid to work too little or too much.

Iodine deficiency: Your thyroid needs iodine to make hormones. Too little iodine can lead to problems.

Genetics: Thyroid disorders can run in families. If a close relative has one, your risk may be higher.

Medications: Some medicines can affect how your thyroid works.

Radiation therapy: Treatment for cancer in the neck area can sometimes harm the thyroid.

In addition, infections or growths in the thyroid can also cause issues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), thyroid disorders are common worldwide, especially in areas with low iodine in the diet.

Recognizing Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorder symptoms can be mild or severe. They may also look like other health problems. However, knowing the signs of thyroid problems can help you seek help sooner. Symptoms depend on whether your thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism).

Signs of an Overactive Thyroid (Hyperthyroidism)

Feeling nervous or anxious

Fast heartbeat

Weight loss without trying

Trouble sleeping

Shaking hands

More sweating than usual

For example, if you notice sudden weight loss or feel restless often, your thyroid may be working too hard.

Signs of an Underactive Thyroid (Hypothyroidism)

Feeling tired all the time

Weight gain

Dry skin and hair

Feeling cold even when others do not

Slow heartbeat

Constipation

Sometimes, symptoms can be easy to miss. But if you have several of these signs, it is wise to talk to your doctor. Early treatment can help prevent more serious problems.

Conclusion

In summary, thyroid disorders can affect many parts of your body. Because symptoms can be mild, they are sometimes overlooked. However, knowing the causes and signs of thyroid problems can help you get help early. If you notice any symptoms or have concerns, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice about thyroid disorders.