What is Diabetes? Causes and Types Explained

Introduction

Diabetes is a common health condition that affects how your body uses blood sugar, also called glucose. Many people wonder, “What is diabetes?” or want to know about the types of diabetes and the causes of diabetes in adults. Diabetes is important because it can lead to serious health problems if not managed well. In the United States and around the world, more people are being diagnosed with diabetes every year. Understanding the causes and types of diabetes can help you stay healthy and lower your risk.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease that happens when your body cannot control blood sugar levels properly. Normally, your body uses a hormone called insulin to help move sugar from your blood into your cells. But with diabetes, either your body does not make enough insulin, or it cannot use insulin well. As a result, blood sugar builds up in your blood. Over time, high blood sugar can harm your heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Because of this, knowing about diabetes and how to prevent it is very important for everyone.

Causes of Diabetes

There are several causes of diabetes. Some people are born with a higher risk, while others develop it due to lifestyle or health factors. Here are the main causes:

Family history: If your parents or siblings have diabetes, your risk is higher.

Being overweight: Extra body weight, especially around the belly, increases risk.

Physical inactivity: Not being active makes it harder for your body to use insulin.

Unhealthy diet: Eating lots of sugary foods or drinks can raise blood sugar.

Age: Risk increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

Other health conditions: High blood pressure or high cholesterol can raise your risk.

Pregnancy: Some women develop diabetes during pregnancy, called gestational diabetes.

According to the CDC, these risk factors are common in both children and adults. However, making healthy choices can help lower your risk.

Types of Diabetes

There are three main types of diabetes. Each type has different causes and affects people in different ways. Let’s look at each type:

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system attacks the cells that make insulin. Because of this, the body makes little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes usually starts in children or young adults, but it can happen at any age. People with type 1 diabetes need insulin every day to live. The exact cause is not known, but family history and certain infections may play a role.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type. In this type, the body does not use insulin well, or it does not make enough insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels go up. Type 2 diabetes often develops in adults, but more children and teens are getting it now. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not being active, and having a family history of diabetes. Making healthy lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes happens during pregnancy. Some women’s bodies cannot make enough insulin to control blood sugar while they are pregnant. Usually, this type of diabetes goes away after the baby is born. However, women who have had gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes may also have a higher risk of health problems.

Conclusion

In summary, diabetes is a serious health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Knowing the causes of diabetes and the different types can help you take steps to protect your health. If you have questions or think you may be at risk, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice about diabetes.